Re: Questions and Answers
Posted: Sat 17/10/2009 10:52
Hi Weetbix
No problem. When I joined Metservice as a technician back in the 80's we were sent to 'met school' and learnt quite a bit of this stuff. It's been a while though and I hope I've been accurate. If you want to improve your understanding further I'm sure anyone at Metservice would be happy to help plus there is a huge amount of information available online or in book form.
I was going to add that the process of air rising in one spot and then sinking in another is called convection. It happens on many scales, large and small. You can see convection in water when you heat some in a pot on a stove (air and water are both fluids and behave in the same way, ie they flow). There is sort of a circular motion whereby air rises forming a low, moves sideways at altitude, sinks forming a high, and then returns along the surface back to the starting point. The seabreeze in ChCh is a good example of a convective circulation on a local scale. The surface wind flows from the high (over the sea) towards the low (over the land). At a few thousand feet it is moving in the opposite direction. Google 'seabreeze' for diagrams.
The same process occurs on a global scale with air rising at the equator, moving north and south at altitude, and then sinking at higher latitudes. It then returns back towards the equator on the surface forming the trade winds. The is a band of low pressure at the equator where the air is rising and a band of high pressure at about 30deg north and south where the air is sinking.
The highs and lows you see on the TV weather map are on what is called the synoptic scale which refers to systems of roughly a few hundred kilometres across. They can be formed by large bodies of air rising and sinking over hot and cold surfaces, eg a low forming over the desert of Australia. They also form at the boundary between cold and warm air masses where the warm air is pushed up over the cold air.
Now the surface wind generated by these systems flows from high to low pressure, and this is obvious with the seabreeze. However the wind associated with the larger systems is deflected by an effect resulting from the rotation of the earth. This makes the wind on the TV weather map move parallel to the isobars and not straight from high to low pressure. If the earth didnt rotate the air would flow straight from a high to a low on the surface. The effect is called the Coriolis effect and is due to Newtons First Law, ie the air wants to keep moving in a straight line. It's an important but difficult concept.
No problem. When I joined Metservice as a technician back in the 80's we were sent to 'met school' and learnt quite a bit of this stuff. It's been a while though and I hope I've been accurate. If you want to improve your understanding further I'm sure anyone at Metservice would be happy to help plus there is a huge amount of information available online or in book form.
I was going to add that the process of air rising in one spot and then sinking in another is called convection. It happens on many scales, large and small. You can see convection in water when you heat some in a pot on a stove (air and water are both fluids and behave in the same way, ie they flow). There is sort of a circular motion whereby air rises forming a low, moves sideways at altitude, sinks forming a high, and then returns along the surface back to the starting point. The seabreeze in ChCh is a good example of a convective circulation on a local scale. The surface wind flows from the high (over the sea) towards the low (over the land). At a few thousand feet it is moving in the opposite direction. Google 'seabreeze' for diagrams.
The same process occurs on a global scale with air rising at the equator, moving north and south at altitude, and then sinking at higher latitudes. It then returns back towards the equator on the surface forming the trade winds. The is a band of low pressure at the equator where the air is rising and a band of high pressure at about 30deg north and south where the air is sinking.
The highs and lows you see on the TV weather map are on what is called the synoptic scale which refers to systems of roughly a few hundred kilometres across. They can be formed by large bodies of air rising and sinking over hot and cold surfaces, eg a low forming over the desert of Australia. They also form at the boundary between cold and warm air masses where the warm air is pushed up over the cold air.
Now the surface wind generated by these systems flows from high to low pressure, and this is obvious with the seabreeze. However the wind associated with the larger systems is deflected by an effect resulting from the rotation of the earth. This makes the wind on the TV weather map move parallel to the isobars and not straight from high to low pressure. If the earth didnt rotate the air would flow straight from a high to a low on the surface. The effect is called the Coriolis effect and is due to Newtons First Law, ie the air wants to keep moving in a straight line. It's an important but difficult concept.